Floc Model
- class aguaclara.research.floc_model.Material(name, diameter, density, molecWeight)[source]
A particulate material with a name, diameter, density, and molecular weight.
- class aguaclara.research.floc_model.Chemical(name, diameter, density, molecWeight, Precipitate, AluminumMPM=None)[source]
A chemical with a name, diameter, density, molecular weight, number of aluminum atoms per molecule, and a precipitate.
- __init__(name, diameter, density, molecWeight, Precipitate, AluminumMPM=None)[source]
Initialize a Chemical object.
- Parameters:
name (string) – Name of the material
diameter (length) – Diameter of the material in particulate form
density (mass/length**3) – Density of the material
molecWeight (mass/mole) – Molecular weight of the material
Precipitate (string) – Name of the precipitate
AluminumMPM (int) – aluminum atoms per molecule
This file contains functions which can be used to model the behavior of flocs based on the chemical interactions of clay, coagulant, and humic acid.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.Clay = <aguaclara.research.floc_model.Material object>
A Material representing clay with a diameter of 7e-6 m and density of 2650 kg/m^3.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.PACl = <aguaclara.research.floc_model.Chemical object>
A Material representing polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with a diameter of 9e-8m, density of 1138 kg/m^2, and molecular weight of 1.039 kg/mol. It is its own precipitate.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.Alum = <aguaclara.research.floc_model.Chemical object>
A Material representing alum with a diameter of 7e-8 m, density of 2420 kg/m^3, and molecular weight of 0.59921 kg/mol. It’s precipitate is AlOH3, with the same diameter and density, and a molecular weight of 0.078 kg/mol.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.HumicAcid = <aguaclara.research.floc_model.Chemical object>
A Material representing humic acid with a diameter of 7.2e-8 m and density of 1780 kg/m^3. It is its own precipitate.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.DIM_FRACTAL = 2.3
Fractal dimension, based on data from published in Environmental Engineering Science, “Fractal Models for Floc Density, Sedimentation Velocity, and Floc Volume Fraction for High Peclet Number Reactors” by Monroe Weber-Shirk and Leonard Lion (2015).
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.RATIO_HEIGHT_DIAM = 0.1
Ratio of clay platelet height to diameter.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.RATIO_KOLMOGOROV = 50
Ratio between inner viscous length scale and Kolmogorov length scale.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.PHI_FLOC = 1.875
Shape factor for drag on flocs used in terminal velocity equation.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.NUM_AVOGADRO = 6.0221414999999996e+23
The Avogadro constant.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.MOLEC_WEIGHT_ALUMINUM = <Quantity(0.027, 'kilogram / mole')>
Molecular weight of aluminum in kg/mole.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.dens_alum_nanocluster(coag)[source]
Return the density of the aluminum in the nanocluster.
This is useful for determining the volume of nanoclusters given a concentration of aluminum.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.dens_pacl_solution(ConcAluminum, temp)[source]
Return the density of the PACl solution.
From Stock Tank Mixing report Fall 2013: https://confluence.cornell.edu/download/attachments/137953883/20131213_Research_Report.pdf
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.conc_precipitate(ConcAluminum, coag)[source]
Return coagulant precipitate concentration given aluminum dose.
This function assumes complete precipitation of coagulant into Al13.
Note that conc_precipitate returns a value that varies from the equivalent MathCAD function beginning at the third decimal place. The majority of functions below this point in the file ultimately call on conc_precipitate at some point, and will not return the same value as their equivalent function in MathCAD. This is known.
- Parameters:
ConcAluminum (float) – Concentration of aluminum in solution
coag (floc_model.Material) – Type of coagulant in solution, e.g. floc_model.PACl
- Returns:
Concentration of coagulant precipitates
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.conc_floc(ConcAluminum, concClay, coag)[source]
Return floc density given aluminum dose, turbidity, and coagulant
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.moles_aluminum(ConcAluminum)[source]
Return the # of moles aluminum given aluminum concentration.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.sep_dist_aluminum(ConcAluminum)[source]
Return the separation distance between aluminum molecules.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.particle_number_concentration(ConcMat, material)[source]
Return the number of particles in suspension.
- Parameters:
ConcMat (float) – Concentration of the material
material (floc_model.Material) – The material in solution
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.sep_dist_clay(ConcClay, material)[source]
Return the separation distance between clay particles.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.num_nanoclusters(ConcAluminum, coag)[source]
Return the number of Aluminum nanoclusters.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.frac_vol_floc_initial(ConcAluminum, ConcClay, coag, material)[source]
Return the volume fraction of flocs initially present, accounting for both suspended particles and coagulant precipitates.
- Parameters:
ConcAluminum (float) – Concentration of aluminum in solution
ConcClay (float) – Concentration of particle in suspension
coag (float) – Type of coagulant in solution
material (floc_model.Material) – Type of particles in suspension, e.g. floc_model.Clay
- Returns:
Volume fraction of particles initially present
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.diam_fractal(DIM_FRACTAL, DiamInitial, NumCol)[source]
Return the diameter of a floc given NumCol doubling collisions.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.num_coll_reqd(DIM_FRACTAL, material, DiamTarget)[source]
Return the number of doubling collisions required.
Calculates the number of doubling collisions required to produce a floc of diameter DiamTarget.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.sep_dist_floc(ConcAluminum, ConcClay, coag, material, DIM_FRACTAL, DiamTarget)[source]
Return separation distance as a function of floc size.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.frac_vol_floc(ConcAluminum, ConcClay, coag, DIM_FRACTAL, material, DiamTarget)[source]
Return the floc volume fraction.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.dens_floc_init(ConcAluminum, ConcClay, coag, material)[source]
Return the density of the initial floc.
Initial floc is made primarily of the primary colloid and nanoglobs.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.ratio_clay_sphere(RatioHeightDiameter)[source]
Return the surface area to volume ratio for clay.
Normalized by surface area to volume ratio for a sphere.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.ratio_area_clay_total(ConcClay, material, DiamTube, RatioHeightDiameter)[source]
Return the surface area of clay normalized by total surface area.
Total surface area is a combination of clay and reactor wall surface areas. This function is used to estimate how much coagulant actually goes to the clay.
- Parameters:
ConcClay (float) – Concentration of clay in suspension
material (floc_model.Material) – Type of clay in suspension, e.g. floc_model.Clay
DiamTube (float) – Diameter of flocculator tube (assumes tube flocculator for calculation of reactor surface area)
RatioHeightDiameter (float) – Dimensionless ratio of clay height to diameter
- Returns:
The ratio of clay surface area to total available surface area (accounting for reactor walls)
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.gamma_coag(ConcClay, ConcAluminum, coag, material, DiamTube, RatioHeightDiameter)[source]
Return the coverage of clay with nanoglobs.
This function accounts for loss to the tube flocculator walls and a poisson distribution on the clay given random hits by the nanoglobs. The poisson distribution results in the coverage only gradually approaching full coverage as coagulant dose increases.
- Parameters:
ConcClay (float) – Concentration of clay in suspension
ConcAluminum (float) – Concentration of aluminum in solution
coag (floc_model.Material) – Type of coagulant in solution, e.g. floc_model.PACl
material (floc_model.Material) – Type of clay in suspension, e.g. floc_model.Clay
DiamTube (float) – Diameter of flocculator tube (assumes tube flocculator for calculation of reactor surface area)
RatioHeightDiameter (float) – Dimensionless ratio of clay height to diameter
- Returns:
Fraction of the clay surface area that is coated with coagulant precipitates
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.gamma_humic_acid_to_coag(ConcAl, ConcNatOrgMat, NatOrgMat, coag)[source]
Return the fraction of the coagulant that is coated with humic acid.
- Parameters:
ConcAl (float) – Concentration of alumninum in solution
ConcNatOrgMat (float) – Concentration of natural organic matter in solution
NatOrgMat (floc_model.Material) – type of natural organic matter, e.g. floc_model.HumicAcid
coag (floc_model.Material) – Type of coagulant in solution, e.g. floc_model.PACl
- Returns:
fraction of the coagulant that is coated with humic acid
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.pacl_term(DiamTube, ConcClay, ConcAl, ConcNatOrgMat, NatOrgMat, coag, material, RatioHeightDiameter)[source]
Return the fraction of the surface area that is covered with coagulant that is not covered with humic acid.
- Parameters:
DiamTube – Diameter of the dosing tube
ConcClay (float) – Concentration of clay in solution
ConcAl (float) – Concentration of alumninum in solution
ConcNatOrgMat (float) – Concentration of natural organic matter in solution
NatOrgMat (floc_model.Material) – type of natural organic matter, e.g. floc_model.HumicAcid
coag (floc_model.Material) – Type of coagulant in solution, e.g. floc_model.PACl
material (floc_model.Material) – Type of clay in suspension, e.g. floc_model.Clay
RatioHeightDiameter (float) – Dimensionless ratio of clay height to diameter
- Returns:
fraction of the surface area that is covered with coagulant that is not covered with humic acid
- Return type:
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.dens_floc(ConcAl, ConcClay, DIM_FRACTAL, DiamTarget, coag, material, Temp)[source]
Calculate floc density as a function of size.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.vel_term_floc(ConcAl, ConcClay, coag, material, DIM_FRACTAL, DiamTarget, Temp)[source]
Calculate floc terminal velocity.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.diam_floc_vel_term(ConcAl, ConcClay, coag, material, DIM_FRACTAL, VelTerm, Temp)[source]
Calculate floc diamter as a function of terminal velocity.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.time_col_laminar(EnergyDis, Temp, ConcAl, ConcClay, coag, material, DiamTarget, DiamTube, DIM_FRACTAL, RatioHeightDiameter)[source]
Calculate single collision time for laminar flow mediated collisions.
Calculated as a function of floc size.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.time_col_turbulent(EnergyDis, ConcAl, ConcClay, coag, material, DiamTarget, DIM_FRACTAL)[source]
Calculate single collision time for turbulent flow mediated collisions.
Calculated as a function of floc size.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.diam_kolmogorov(EnergyDis, Temp, ConcAl, ConcClay, coag, material, DIM_FRACTAL)[source]
Return the size of the floc with separation distances equal to the Kolmogorov length and the inner viscous length scale.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.dean_number(PlantFlow, IDTube, RadiusCoil, Temp)[source]
Return the Dean Number.
The Dean Number is a dimensionless parameter that is the unfortunate combination of Reynolds and tube curvature. It would have been better to keep the Reynolds number and define a simple dimensionless geometric parameter.
- aguaclara.research.floc_model.g_coil(FlowPlant, IDTube, RadiusCoil, Temp)[source]
We need a reference for this.
Karen’s thesis likely has this equation and the reference.